"Arok Dedes" Pramoedya Ananta Toer
mbah sghriwo
mbah sghriwo
What's the difference Arok movement in about 1215 and the movement of september 1965? Arok is known as a villain who ransacked their belongings merchants and rich people who were crossing Tumapel regional forest. He did the robbery with two goals, one against the authority as a ruler Tunggul Ametung Tumapel, the high tax burden to its people because Tumapel have to pay taxes to Kediri. Of course Tunggul Ametung hated people. Arok second objective is to build its own armed forces to fight with the strength Tumapel and Kediri.
Tumapel gets a small number of very highly paid tribute to the ruler of the kingdom of Kediri.
Akuwu Tunggul Ametung very furious with the disruption of security in the territory of the adverse financial Tumapel country and resulted in delays payment of tribute for Kediri. To get revenge on the robbers who disadvantageous, Tunggul Ametung illegally attacked monasteries Shiva in order to collect gold to meet tribute to Kediri. Ritual tools made of gold Arok was later returned to the monastery in question.
Gold mine Akuwu Tumapel in the Konto River, Ngantang region, the result is actually quite large, but most of the gold mine corrupted by his own manager. Overall results of this large amount of gold will fall well into the hands by Arok after the death of Tunggul Ametung who died in the palace itself.
750 years later 30 September 1965 coup Soekarno or Bung Karno gradually to foreign interests who want to invest at the same time eliminating the communists who considered anti-capital. Indonesian Communist strength in the 60's really rattle the Western capitalist bloc
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Pramoedya Ananta Toer complete book's 1980-2000
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Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Mangir"
mbah sghriwo
Ki Ageng Mangir Wanabaya have powerful spear Baruklinting to resist the invasion of Mataram led Sutowijoyo aka Panembahan Senopati. Sutowijoyo establish for the first time the Islamic Mataram kingdom. Sutowijoyo or Panembahan Senopati in 1575 managed to subdue most of Central Java and East Java in part, except for one area, a distance of a day trip Mangir ox cart. Mangir since the days before Panembahan Senopati ruling becomes tax-free areas because of the services soldiers of the Majapahit, Mangir highly appreciated by the rulers of Majapahit to make Mangir as an autonomous region.
Princess Pembayun Panembahan Senopati beautiful princess fell down directly to penetrate defenses Mangir a super tight. The king also is initially concerned with the safety Pembayun daughter of persuasion ultimately Ki Ageng Pamanahan to approve the plan.
Princess Pembayun prepare themselves to train hard to become a dancer who lives around the move. With coiled travel distance Mataram and Mangir they traveled almost a month to remove traces troupe of dancers accompanied by gamelan.
Pembayun a beautiful princess in short-beautiful and shapely is successful and able to ensnare the heart Ki Ageng Mangir a very young age. Mangir troop leaders are very experienced in the battle field for Ki Ageng Mangir warned not to continue his intentions out of the region Mangir to follow Princess Pembayun because of the danger of Mataram was always threatening him.
Ki Ageng Mangir who knew that the Princess Pembayun, is a princess Panembahan Senopati own, but other Mangir army chief did not know about it. By relying on the spear Baruklinting then went Ki Ageng Mangir was alone to the center of Mataram to meet the Panembahan.
Ki Ageng Mangir brought spear Baruklinting must remain upright during the journey taken.
Secret spear Baruklinting already in the hands of Mataram.
Since the front gates of the palace of Mataram was arranged so that the longer the lower course. Spear Baruklinting which stemmed a two-meter that was continuously cropped to finally drop the spear shaft.
Finally arrived in the presence of Ki Ageng Mangir the Panembahan Senopati who greeted him kindly.
"Come young, come here, thanks to you," said the king.
Ki Ageng Mangir approached the throne and bowed their heads squat.
Suddenly a flash Senopati Panembahan raised his head and smashing it into a throne made of stone until the head was broken.
We have a strange tomb, tomb half in the complex and in half again are beyond the fence in the cemetery of the kings in the area of Yogyakarta. It is said that the tomb was concerned only get half the recognition as a member of the family of the kings of Mataram.
****
Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Footsteps"
mbah sghriwo
What's the difference between New Order (Suharto regime) and the Dutch East Indies colonial government in the various fragments of Pramoedya's Footsteps? There are similarities that are not accidental but the special abilities that Pramoedya can predicted into the future history of the archipelago.
Siti Sundari activists who aligned with Semaoen, and Mas Marcokartodikromo (special assistant to Minke the Editor Medan Prijaji) all have spread the opinion of inciting the masses to oppose the domination of the Dutch East Indies colonial rule. Mas Marco never once write headlines that make inconsequential so angry colonial government -- the time it was official Minke outside.
"Guoooooob .....!" Minke cried with pale to read the header field Medan Prijaji.
In the New Order mass occurs very exactly like that with the emergence of male and female activists who oppose the New Order in the same style. Is there a strategy inspired Footsteps against the ruler or his method could also just taken it to be a movement.
Footsteps circulated around 1985, the manuscript was written during Pramoedya's Buru Island prison camp in 1969-1979. This means that the contents of Footsteps on the basis of pure imagination than the author himself, and not the result of deepening of the situation actually happened. But that's what happened in the New Order. Atmosphere of repression and the struggle of the youth movement similar to the fragment mass Siti Sundari, who gather in the building puppets of people and turns the speakers one by one orderly take turns delivering his speech that all alone against the Dutch colonial government with the aim of getting out of bed length make the nation's children who lulled into a dream in the structure of colonial administration that seemed forever.
Siti Sundari virgin who was old enough to marry and settle down-stairs was the son of a Wedana-ranking government officials in Central Java. Dutch subtle than the New Order through the extension arm trying to influence the father so that his position is at stake in their ability as parents to control the activities of his daughter who preceded his time.
Other Semaoen again because he's a full-blooded Dutch foster child. So it is not easy to control the activities that has reached the leading railroad transportation workers. In the new order of young fighters in the New Order power uproot collect and affect the mass of factory workers. It is a private factory workers proletarian power as in the theories of Marxism as a mass of laborers who must seize the means of production. They never tried to seize the factory itself but fussy to ask for a raise or strike with the demands of self improvement.
Such sectors it's known railway workers during the new order is very difficult to be organized than the factory worker who is a symbol of the proletariat. Also to hold an open meeting during the New Order's even harder than in the Dutch power that can be considered quite civilized. New Order's intelligence apparatus so sophisticated reach out to remote villages, like the cruel Japanese intelligence structure Kenpeitai. In the end it can be concluded that the Dutch colonial government more open to reform than the Japanese occupation government and the New Order government. Naturally, the Netherlands capable of ruling for three half-centuries in the archipelago. Dutch colonialists must surrender its sovereignty to Japan because it involved the war while the New Order still remained upright until this moment only to change his nickname to Reform Order which is the same character. The difference is now people are talking freely and write freely as long as it would be responsible for their own deeds and writings. And because it is free to speak and write it as the original character of the archipelago is not willing to accept other people's opinions continue to consider themselves insist aka the most correct. That weakness Natives are just learning to savor the freedom blow off steam and fill his head.
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Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Stroom Uit Het Noorden"
The work of Buru Island
Magsaysay Institute: "Pramoedya Ananta Toer .... Illuminated with brilliant stories and experiences of awakening consciousness of modern people of Indonesia."
Stroom Uit Het Noorden -- An epic post-triumph of the archipelago as a maritime power and unity in the early 16th century.
During the heyday of Majapahit, the archipelago is the unity of the largest maritime and marine kingdom among civilized nations on earth. Flow moves from south to north, everything: its ships, human, charitable deeds and ideals, all the moves from the archipelago in the south to the 'Wind Up' in the north. But times change ...
Flow turning -- no longer from south to north but instead from north to south. North controlled the south, controlled pulse of life of the archipelago ... Disunity and defeat for the defeat was as a part of Java successive constantly.
Wiranggaleng -- a simple village boy, became the protagonist in the epic epic to this terrifying. He fought until the central power of the Portuguese in Malacca, give it all -- even though only a handful of sand -- to stem the flow north.
Backflow can still turn over again?
Flow turning -- no longer from south to north but instead from north to south. North controlled the south, controlled pulse of life of the archipelago ... Disunity and defeat for the defeat was as a part of Java successive constantly.
Wiranggaleng -- a simple village boy, became the protagonist in the epic epic to this terrifying. He fought until the central power of the Portuguese in Malacca, give it all -- even though only a handful of sand -- to stem the flow north.
Backflow can still turn over again?
Hasta Mitra proud to present the great epic is Pramoedya Ananta Toer on the People and Homeland Indonesia, to celebrate half a century of independent Indonesia. In addition, we rejoice with the lovers of literature and writing pengagung freedom anywhere in the world with regard to two distinguished awards received by Pramoedya almost at the same time as the author of Indonesia, first: Ramon Magsaysay Award 1995 from the Philippines, second: Wertheim Award 1995 from the Netherlands .
Stroom Uit Het Noorden is part of a major project studies the history of the archipelago made prior Pramoedya was arrested in 1965. Forced him to write the results of his research during the prisoners on Buru Island (1969-1979) without taking any notes inline. Produced is not a historical thesis, but the historical novel as well as by the history of Indonesia's national awakening movement poured in the form of tetralogy novel This Earth of Mankind, not a scientific paper.
Stroom Uit Het Noorden is part of a major project studies the history of the archipelago made prior Pramoedya was arrested in 1965. Forced him to write the results of his research during the prisoners on Buru Island (1969-1979) without taking any notes inline. Produced is not a historical thesis, but the historical novel as well as by the history of Indonesia's national awakening movement poured in the form of tetralogy novel This Earth of Mankind, not a scientific paper.
*****
Pramoedya Ananta Toer
The mute's soliloquy, the work of Buru Island
Introduction to Liberation Edition
The mute's soliloquy is the only non-fiction works of Pramoedya's Buru during detention in, not the novel. This book is a collection of records containing personal letters to his children who had never sent, also the essays, particularly striking was the sharp reflections recording what is experienced as a person, as a husband and father, as author and as a political prisoner regime militarism that robs all of it: the soul and thoughts following copyright of their possessions -- manuscripts, books, documentation, home, to the rights of citizenship and human freedom. In a nutshell: the regime Suharto-Golkar claimed the age-Pramoedya which by itself was also robbed the family happiness, wife and children. Fascist rulers strive harbored new order of values most valuable products of human creativity that actually belonged to Indonesia and the world community.
Uniqueness: the note which is the social documentation of this nation are not published in his native language, but for the first time it rises in the land of others -- in the Netherlands as a Lied van een Stomme, two volumes, 1988-1989. Consideration? This book is too big political risk to be published in Indonesia in the middle of the power of fascism Golkar is capable of doing the dirtiest things. But the courage and steady tedad to seize freedom which they are entitled, make Pramoedya nonetheless decided to publish these notes when Suharto was in power management.
****
Notes and letters collected in this book was written in a hurry without checked again, except for some parts. This is not because things are not allowed on the road better and wider. The letters in this set was never sent to the address in question, also because there is no other possibility. All written after 1973, the year the author received permission to write.
It is just a personal note. Fall into the hands of unwanted material could turn into a process-verbal. The opportunities of writing depends on the intuition of "security" as a political prisoner, the unplanned, poorly maintained its shape, just like bulk water. Not infrequently occur replications are normally undesirable. Then some friends of political prisoners RI demanded learn and to read. Further consequence: circulated from hand to hand as a magazine without knowing the sensor preventive and repressive All records are not personal in the end robbed of being part of a personal nature can be saved by various friends in various ways in ruins, half-destroyed or faded, but there is also a fully intact.
In those who never read the original records and found irregularities or abnormalities in this publication would be able to understand their causes.
Some, who never read by friends, did not get here, because it has been since the Buru intentionally destroyed after the "I.", baccalaureate history of Yogyakarta, report it to the authorities, resulting in a series of interrogations. Medium before it, notes the trip from Jakarta to Nusa Kambangan and in the first months on Buru, had already burned because the paper search operation in Unit III.
An official who does not stand to see the situation of political prisoners, at one time advised: face all playing with a kite; strong winds stretching yarn, there's no wind drag the yarns. If not, you will be annihilated all. Advice and recommendations I admit participate and influence over the fate of the letters in this set. Without listening to the advice or suggestion is obvious this paper will never be printed because the author is so bike or salted fish in a shroud. Thank you to the official.
Thank you for infinity, and is so entitled, is in all and every person who, because of international solidarity and human allows for leeway to write in exile since July 1973, especially Amnesty International, Indonesia Steering Committee, (body what else?), is a very personal impressive in this connection, of course, Professor. Dr. Wertheim and Carmel Boediardjo.
Of course, because that is personal salvation, which was originally meant to commemorate return a has-been and store the responses during, for not just disappeared in a step by the process of decline, this publication will also feel it is personal. This publication is based on the following considerations: what and how any sensory experience and mind of a person, let alone written down, he became part of the experience of a nation and mankind in general. Get rid of these considerations are another consideration for not publishing it.
Before printing the manuscript down to its already reserved the possibility of a party who will be upset, one that requires the abolisment of certain experiences -- both nodes in the network is more extensive experience, who finally tied the experience of each and every person in that same period -- just because the axiom: crime taboo witnesses. What may make, the experience is the right of people who have to do with it by himself, and no power can take it away. At most one could discredit, and to the myriad of reasons it could be deployed, especially if it's available funds and the strength and power to mobilize.
Final words need to be addressed -- because as a practical script I never open the open again, let alone reviewed --, profuse thanks to the folks Joesoef Isak, who was putting it back together and edit it in the form today. Without the efforts of his ways, of course, manuscript-lived so the stack of paper off .-- PAT
Epilogue by the editor of The Mute's Soliloquy
“verba amini proferre et vitam impendero vero”
Liberation of the first group of political prisoners from Buru took place in December 1977. Pramoedya Ananta Toer is not included in it even though the press at home and abroad had previously been told that he would include that first group. Of the journalists who are interested in investigating the causes of the cancellation just got the news: Pramoedya's answers in interviews with military officials who came to the Buru not pleasing to their ears. Apparently still two more years he waited. As the first group entered Buru (Pramoedya, August 1969) -- as the last group he had left the island exile (November 12, 1979).
On day 12 in November, they were transported from Namlea, Buru, with the ship "Tanjung Pandan" toward Java. In a sea journey on the third night, the ship weigh anchor at sea approximately 6 hours north Gresik. In the dark night, 40 people were political prisoners are separated and is derived from "Tanjung Pandan" into a boat-landing and then bring them to the port of Tanjung Perak, Surabaya. In the meantime "Tanjung Pandan" continue the voyage to Jakarta.
Pramoedya is included in group 40 which separated it; with him there, among others Rivai Apin (poet), Oey Hai Djoen (writer), Hasyim Rachman (journalists), members of the CC-PKI Karel Supit, J. Pirie, Ismail Kartasasmita and others again. The 40 political prisoners were classified by the Indonesian authorities as a diehard, head-stones, the people who are considered as "trouble-makers", the non-cooperative and remained at the old ideology. From Surabaya, they are directly transported by bus to Magelang travel route south, through Solo and Yogya. In Magelang, they were gathered together with the other political prisoners from various prisons in Java.
Magelang a place to wait. What next? How-final decision authority in Jakarta? The news that was widely circulated at that time was that they still continue to be detained and likely will be brought back to Nusakambangan, an island of another exile in the Indian Ocean, south of Java Island. Meanwhile in Jakarta occurred ceremony the release of political prisoners derived from the ship "Tanjung Pandan."
Here is not to be missed notes on the role of the government of President Carter who has been specially appointed a Deputy Secretary of State, Patricia Derien, for matters of human rights. The Indonesian government urged to seriously by Americans to avoid further delaying the release of political prisoners has repeatedly promised that. Patricia Derien and U.S. ambassador in Jakarta, Edward G. Masters, in 1978 with Carter's assertive stance of the Government to submit the issue of political prisoners to the Government of Indonesia. Pressure made with regard the possibility of termination of some U.S. aid package if the liberation of political prisoners in Indonesia are also delayed.
Indonesia under the Government "New Order" -- thus ruling calling itself -- can be recorded as a land-developing-political prisoners who have large numbers in the world. Western countries that support the New Order Indonesia regime be difficult to account for political to Parliament each to expand their capital investments and to help a government that has so many political prisoners. Therefore, for the sake of their own goals and needs are more important, the release of political prisoners must be held as soon as possible. Actually, until early 1976 did not arise intention by the Government of Indonesia to release the political prisoners detained in Buru. If there is any mention of "settlement", then the question is granting certain concessions gradually and in stages to its political prisoners and then then "liberated" by the provisions shall remain in residence on the island of Buru, may not return to place of origin. But pressure from the United States under the Carter and some IGGI country, Amnesty International and the wide world opinion, had also heard by the Government of Indonesia.
Finally, to also news to Magelang.
After about a month was arrested in Magelang, Pramoedya and his entourage at the date of December 18, 1979 was transported to a military barracks in Banyumanik, 7 km south of Semarang. After two nights in Banyumanik, from there on December 20, they were dispatched to Semarang. And on that day also took place "release ceremony" in Semarang, which received enormous attention from the world press. A number of foreign Ambassadors also require attendance. After the ceremony, Pramoedya and those who came from Jakarta transported to Jakarta, and got back to the middle of the night in place of origin were arrested: imprisonment or special detention center (RTC) Salemba. The next day they were handed over to the District Military Command (Kodim) in place of residence each.
Pramoedya is included in the East Jakarta Military District Command. In a ceremony at the Kodim East Jakarta, to Pramoedya and the other political prisoners, were told that they were subject to mandatory-report once a week. Also the political prisoners taken to the headquarters of other Kodim, experienced the same thing.
Since that day, December 21, 1979, ending the period of imprisonment for 14 years -- 4 years in prison Salemba Jakarta and 10 years on Buru, -- all held without trial or charge something clear. Pramoedya's free, but mandatory to report to him until now, the year 1988 -- until the book was published -- still go on.
How far is Pramoedya Ananta Toer and hundreds and thousands of ex-Indonesian political prisoners free in their own country after they were out of prison? Is already recovered their civil rights as other citizens of Indonesia?
To answer the questions above, then verily the most objective is to record the rules and regulations made by the Indonesian Government itself for the former political prisoners:
-- The ex-political prisoners were forbidden to work on all government service, in the functioning of anything and anywhere.
-- Ex-political prisoners were forbidden to work on all companies that are considered vital by the Government. Definition of "vital" to grow old eventually grow large. In recent years, this regulation is enhanced with what is known as "clean-environment". This means that anyone who has a connection-family (father, son, cousin, brother in law, sister, in-laws and so on) with an ex-political prisoners, should be excluded from the company where they work.
-- Ex-political prisoner barred from defending the homeland or into military service.
-- Mass-media are prohibited from receiving ex-political prisoners as a reporter or publish their writings. The Publishers are prohibited from publishing books written by ex-political prisoners.
-- Ex-political prisoners are required to request special permission from the civilian agencies and military, if out of town, let alone abroad. Application for such permits usually do not answer, which meant not, without having to say "no!".
-- Ex-political prisoners must ask for special permission if they want to move home, even from one village to another village nearby. (In practice, such permission by a complex bureaucracy and personal attitudes of the officials who are not of good will, can rarely be expected to come out, so that two possibilities could occur: ex-political prisoners are secretly concerned to move house by breaking the rules, or he clandestine stay in her own home without being resident in the village in question).
-- Some ex-political prisoners are allowed, some are banned from participating in elections. Since Pramoedya was back at home, had twice occurs elections (1982 and 1987), at both the general election that Pramoedya was not entitled to vote.
-- All ex-political prisoners are hundreds and thousands in Indonesia run by Card (KTP), which was given a special code: ET (ex-political prisoners). This is an effective control system, because all social activities must begin by showing ID cards. Want to move house, ask for a letter-street, applying for a job, need a passport and many other necessities, everything has to start with that ID cards.
-- Special about Pramoedya can be noted: three novels he wrote in the island of Buru, This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps and a work of biographical research, "de Pioneer", which was written after the "free", banned by the Government of Indonesia. All books were published between the years 1980-1985. The reason: Pramoedya's books contain a hidden Marxist propaganda. (Because the books have been published in several foreign languages, the reader in the world can participate assess whether the reason it has a basic truth or not).
Western countries are now free to operate with capital in Indonesia by the Dutch Minister of Schoo of the opinion, that in Indonesia "there is no structural violations of human rights." They believe that once the statement itself, because such beliefs seems desirable to justify their capital investment and soothe their conscience. The facts on the definition of "free" experienced by ex-political prisoners as detailed above, by the western countries and according to Western measures apparently can not be categorized as violations of human rights structurally.
But however one interprets the facts above, one thing is clear that the Indonesian Government to preserve or standardize the ex-political prisoner status permanently. Officially the Government of Indonesia to run a kind of political discrimination or apartheid against its own citizens. If Hitler forced the Jews bearing the mark "Star of David", then in Indonesia, the ex-political prisoners are required to bear the mark "ET". Why so? Is it rational? Is that humane? What is the situation like it is still necessary for security?
Analysts here see the problem of Indonesia one contradiction in terms: on one hand the Government of Indonesia is continuously proudly issued a statement that the situation is safe and stable, but on the other hand considers a "latent danger of the left" (now also the danger right) still threaten the existence of government New Order. What is a safe statement about the state just to calm investors and prospective foreign-capital investors, when things are not safe? Or is the situation really secure and stable, but authorities now require constant "weapon ready to use" which necessarily any time can be used against anyone who has another opinion of the ruling? To that end the terrible scourge that needs to be preserved and turned on, although the armed forces prevail and the situation is fully controlled by strict and effective.
One factor has not been the restoration of civil rights of ex-political prisoner for 23 years -- since 1965 till today (!) --, May be also due to an inertia, laws that make bureaucratic inertia-power to be frozen. The mentality of this inertia cause the actual rules are obsolete or no longer needed, continue to be valid without the initiative to review it. Or say briefly: the authorities have contaminated the culture-power-slowness. Another possibility is that the civilian and military officials of the New Order was not contaminated inertia, but each was afraid to have taken a new policy decision in the matter of ex-political prisoners, because they have thoughts of restoring the civil rights of ex-political prisoners face an increased risk allegedly sympathetic to leftist or even be labeled as communists. Or, the New Order power system in Indonesia is consciously willed implementation of political discrimination against its own citizens, which have different views?
Indeed, a number of possibilities can be displayed, but clearly explains the fact, that New Order did not have the strength, the will have no political, to restore civil rights of ex-political prisoners, the pariah that. The existence of pariah, or class of society who become pariahs, never contained all the ideals that embrace the freedom fighters and founding fathers of Indonesia. Why the New Order era, the construction of the current fill it by creating a pariah class? According to the standard formulas commonly found in the press today, the New Order shall preserve, save, securing the Pancasila and the Constitution 45. And Pancasila / Constitution 45 in practice are identical, congruent, with power being held by the authorities.
The remarkable thing of all is that in Indonesia, the violation of human rights can be done legally under the law. All restrictions on civil rights were given legal basis and regulations passed by government. That is why the Indonesian military and civilian officials have always denied and do not feel have violated human rights, because for all the action they take -- which by the civilized world is considered as violation of human rights -- is officially legal basis.
Pramoedya himself always argued, that human rights, civil rights, not a gift from anyone, not something that should he ask for, but rather a legitimate personal rights, as human beings and as citizens of Indonesia. And on the principle that it works: He wrote and continued to write -- that his personal rights and that is his profession. It's not easy for him to be an author in his own country.
The motto at the beginning of this concluding note is well suited to her subject: “verba amini proferre et vitam impendero vero” -- he pronounces his thoughts freely, and he was risking his life for truth.
On day 12 in November, they were transported from Namlea, Buru, with the ship "Tanjung Pandan" toward Java. In a sea journey on the third night, the ship weigh anchor at sea approximately 6 hours north Gresik. In the dark night, 40 people were political prisoners are separated and is derived from "Tanjung Pandan" into a boat-landing and then bring them to the port of Tanjung Perak, Surabaya. In the meantime "Tanjung Pandan" continue the voyage to Jakarta.
Pramoedya is included in group 40 which separated it; with him there, among others Rivai Apin (poet), Oey Hai Djoen (writer), Hasyim Rachman (journalists), members of the CC-PKI Karel Supit, J. Pirie, Ismail Kartasasmita and others again. The 40 political prisoners were classified by the Indonesian authorities as a diehard, head-stones, the people who are considered as "trouble-makers", the non-cooperative and remained at the old ideology. From Surabaya, they are directly transported by bus to Magelang travel route south, through Solo and Yogya. In Magelang, they were gathered together with the other political prisoners from various prisons in Java.
Magelang a place to wait. What next? How-final decision authority in Jakarta? The news that was widely circulated at that time was that they still continue to be detained and likely will be brought back to Nusakambangan, an island of another exile in the Indian Ocean, south of Java Island. Meanwhile in Jakarta occurred ceremony the release of political prisoners derived from the ship "Tanjung Pandan."
Here is not to be missed notes on the role of the government of President Carter who has been specially appointed a Deputy Secretary of State, Patricia Derien, for matters of human rights. The Indonesian government urged to seriously by Americans to avoid further delaying the release of political prisoners has repeatedly promised that. Patricia Derien and U.S. ambassador in Jakarta, Edward G. Masters, in 1978 with Carter's assertive stance of the Government to submit the issue of political prisoners to the Government of Indonesia. Pressure made with regard the possibility of termination of some U.S. aid package if the liberation of political prisoners in Indonesia are also delayed.
Indonesia under the Government "New Order" -- thus ruling calling itself -- can be recorded as a land-developing-political prisoners who have large numbers in the world. Western countries that support the New Order Indonesia regime be difficult to account for political to Parliament each to expand their capital investments and to help a government that has so many political prisoners. Therefore, for the sake of their own goals and needs are more important, the release of political prisoners must be held as soon as possible. Actually, until early 1976 did not arise intention by the Government of Indonesia to release the political prisoners detained in Buru. If there is any mention of "settlement", then the question is granting certain concessions gradually and in stages to its political prisoners and then then "liberated" by the provisions shall remain in residence on the island of Buru, may not return to place of origin. But pressure from the United States under the Carter and some IGGI country, Amnesty International and the wide world opinion, had also heard by the Government of Indonesia.
Finally, to also news to Magelang.
After about a month was arrested in Magelang, Pramoedya and his entourage at the date of December 18, 1979 was transported to a military barracks in Banyumanik, 7 km south of Semarang. After two nights in Banyumanik, from there on December 20, they were dispatched to Semarang. And on that day also took place "release ceremony" in Semarang, which received enormous attention from the world press. A number of foreign Ambassadors also require attendance. After the ceremony, Pramoedya and those who came from Jakarta transported to Jakarta, and got back to the middle of the night in place of origin were arrested: imprisonment or special detention center (RTC) Salemba. The next day they were handed over to the District Military Command (Kodim) in place of residence each.
Pramoedya is included in the East Jakarta Military District Command. In a ceremony at the Kodim East Jakarta, to Pramoedya and the other political prisoners, were told that they were subject to mandatory-report once a week. Also the political prisoners taken to the headquarters of other Kodim, experienced the same thing.
Since that day, December 21, 1979, ending the period of imprisonment for 14 years -- 4 years in prison Salemba Jakarta and 10 years on Buru, -- all held without trial or charge something clear. Pramoedya's free, but mandatory to report to him until now, the year 1988 -- until the book was published -- still go on.
How far is Pramoedya Ananta Toer and hundreds and thousands of ex-Indonesian political prisoners free in their own country after they were out of prison? Is already recovered their civil rights as other citizens of Indonesia?
To answer the questions above, then verily the most objective is to record the rules and regulations made by the Indonesian Government itself for the former political prisoners:
-- The ex-political prisoners were forbidden to work on all government service, in the functioning of anything and anywhere.
-- Ex-political prisoners were forbidden to work on all companies that are considered vital by the Government. Definition of "vital" to grow old eventually grow large. In recent years, this regulation is enhanced with what is known as "clean-environment". This means that anyone who has a connection-family (father, son, cousin, brother in law, sister, in-laws and so on) with an ex-political prisoners, should be excluded from the company where they work.
-- Ex-political prisoner barred from defending the homeland or into military service.
-- Mass-media are prohibited from receiving ex-political prisoners as a reporter or publish their writings. The Publishers are prohibited from publishing books written by ex-political prisoners.
-- Ex-political prisoners are required to request special permission from the civilian agencies and military, if out of town, let alone abroad. Application for such permits usually do not answer, which meant not, without having to say "no!".
-- Ex-political prisoners must ask for special permission if they want to move home, even from one village to another village nearby. (In practice, such permission by a complex bureaucracy and personal attitudes of the officials who are not of good will, can rarely be expected to come out, so that two possibilities could occur: ex-political prisoners are secretly concerned to move house by breaking the rules, or he clandestine stay in her own home without being resident in the village in question).
-- Some ex-political prisoners are allowed, some are banned from participating in elections. Since Pramoedya was back at home, had twice occurs elections (1982 and 1987), at both the general election that Pramoedya was not entitled to vote.
-- All ex-political prisoners are hundreds and thousands in Indonesia run by Card (KTP), which was given a special code: ET (ex-political prisoners). This is an effective control system, because all social activities must begin by showing ID cards. Want to move house, ask for a letter-street, applying for a job, need a passport and many other necessities, everything has to start with that ID cards.
-- Special about Pramoedya can be noted: three novels he wrote in the island of Buru, This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps and a work of biographical research, "de Pioneer", which was written after the "free", banned by the Government of Indonesia. All books were published between the years 1980-1985. The reason: Pramoedya's books contain a hidden Marxist propaganda. (Because the books have been published in several foreign languages, the reader in the world can participate assess whether the reason it has a basic truth or not).
Western countries are now free to operate with capital in Indonesia by the Dutch Minister of Schoo of the opinion, that in Indonesia "there is no structural violations of human rights." They believe that once the statement itself, because such beliefs seems desirable to justify their capital investment and soothe their conscience. The facts on the definition of "free" experienced by ex-political prisoners as detailed above, by the western countries and according to Western measures apparently can not be categorized as violations of human rights structurally.
But however one interprets the facts above, one thing is clear that the Indonesian Government to preserve or standardize the ex-political prisoner status permanently. Officially the Government of Indonesia to run a kind of political discrimination or apartheid against its own citizens. If Hitler forced the Jews bearing the mark "Star of David", then in Indonesia, the ex-political prisoners are required to bear the mark "ET". Why so? Is it rational? Is that humane? What is the situation like it is still necessary for security?
Analysts here see the problem of Indonesia one contradiction in terms: on one hand the Government of Indonesia is continuously proudly issued a statement that the situation is safe and stable, but on the other hand considers a "latent danger of the left" (now also the danger right) still threaten the existence of government New Order. What is a safe statement about the state just to calm investors and prospective foreign-capital investors, when things are not safe? Or is the situation really secure and stable, but authorities now require constant "weapon ready to use" which necessarily any time can be used against anyone who has another opinion of the ruling? To that end the terrible scourge that needs to be preserved and turned on, although the armed forces prevail and the situation is fully controlled by strict and effective.
One factor has not been the restoration of civil rights of ex-political prisoner for 23 years -- since 1965 till today (!) --, May be also due to an inertia, laws that make bureaucratic inertia-power to be frozen. The mentality of this inertia cause the actual rules are obsolete or no longer needed, continue to be valid without the initiative to review it. Or say briefly: the authorities have contaminated the culture-power-slowness. Another possibility is that the civilian and military officials of the New Order was not contaminated inertia, but each was afraid to have taken a new policy decision in the matter of ex-political prisoners, because they have thoughts of restoring the civil rights of ex-political prisoners face an increased risk allegedly sympathetic to leftist or even be labeled as communists. Or, the New Order power system in Indonesia is consciously willed implementation of political discrimination against its own citizens, which have different views?
Indeed, a number of possibilities can be displayed, but clearly explains the fact, that New Order did not have the strength, the will have no political, to restore civil rights of ex-political prisoners, the pariah that. The existence of pariah, or class of society who become pariahs, never contained all the ideals that embrace the freedom fighters and founding fathers of Indonesia. Why the New Order era, the construction of the current fill it by creating a pariah class? According to the standard formulas commonly found in the press today, the New Order shall preserve, save, securing the Pancasila and the Constitution 45. And Pancasila / Constitution 45 in practice are identical, congruent, with power being held by the authorities.
**
How free content of freedom which is owned by ex-political prisoners? Freedom granted by the Government of Indonesia to Pramoedya Ananta Toer and the other ex-political prisoners are apparent freedom. The ex-Indonesian political prisoners were still the people prisoners, people outside the prison jail. As a result, in Indonesia there are two classes of citizenship: that enjoy and which do not enjoy civil rights. The remarkable thing of all is that in Indonesia, the violation of human rights can be done legally under the law. All restrictions on civil rights were given legal basis and regulations passed by government. That is why the Indonesian military and civilian officials have always denied and do not feel have violated human rights, because for all the action they take -- which by the civilized world is considered as violation of human rights -- is officially legal basis.
Pramoedya himself always argued, that human rights, civil rights, not a gift from anyone, not something that should he ask for, but rather a legitimate personal rights, as human beings and as citizens of Indonesia. And on the principle that it works: He wrote and continued to write -- that his personal rights and that is his profession. It's not easy for him to be an author in his own country.
The motto at the beginning of this concluding note is well suited to her subject: “verba amini proferre et vitam impendero vero” -- he pronounces his thoughts freely, and he was risking his life for truth.
Joesoef Isak, ed.
***Notes on notes of The Mute's Soliloquy
Notes and letters collected in this book was written in a hurry without checked again, except for some parts. This is not because things are not allowed on the road better and wider. The letters in this set was never sent to the address in question, also because there is no other possibility. All written after 1973, the year the author received permission to write.
It is just a personal note. Fall into the hands of unwanted material could turn into a process-verbal. The opportunities of writing depends on the intuition of "security" as a political prisoner, the unplanned, poorly maintained its shape, just like bulk water. Not infrequently occur replications are normally undesirable. Then some friends of political prisoners RI demanded learn and to read. Further consequence: circulated from hand to hand as a magazine without knowing the sensor preventive and repressive All records are not personal in the end robbed of being part of a personal nature can be saved by various friends in various ways in ruins, half-destroyed or faded, but there is also a fully intact.
In those who never read the original records and found irregularities or abnormalities in this publication would be able to understand their causes.
Some, who never read by friends, did not get here, because it has been since the Buru intentionally destroyed after the "I.", baccalaureate history of Yogyakarta, report it to the authorities, resulting in a series of interrogations. Medium before it, notes the trip from Jakarta to Nusa Kambangan and in the first months on Buru, had already burned because the paper search operation in Unit III.
An official who does not stand to see the situation of political prisoners, at one time advised: face all playing with a kite; strong winds stretching yarn, there's no wind drag the yarns. If not, you will be annihilated all. Advice and recommendations I admit participate and influence over the fate of the letters in this set. Without listening to the advice or suggestion is obvious this paper will never be printed because the author is so bike or salted fish in a shroud. Thank you to the official.
Thank you for infinity, and is so entitled, is in all and every person who, because of international solidarity and human allows for leeway to write in exile since July 1973, especially Amnesty International, Indonesia Steering Committee, (body what else?), is a very personal impressive in this connection, of course, Professor. Dr. Wertheim and Carmel Boediardjo.
Of course, because that is personal salvation, which was originally meant to commemorate return a has-been and store the responses during, for not just disappeared in a step by the process of decline, this publication will also feel it is personal. This publication is based on the following considerations: what and how any sensory experience and mind of a person, let alone written down, he became part of the experience of a nation and mankind in general. Get rid of these considerations are another consideration for not publishing it.
Before printing the manuscript down to its already reserved the possibility of a party who will be upset, one that requires the abolisment of certain experiences -- both nodes in the network is more extensive experience, who finally tied the experience of each and every person in that same period -- just because the axiom: crime taboo witnesses. What may make, the experience is the right of people who have to do with it by himself, and no power can take it away. At most one could discredit, and to the myriad of reasons it could be deployed, especially if it's available funds and the strength and power to mobilize.
Final words need to be addressed -- because as a practical script I never open the open again, let alone reviewed --, profuse thanks to the folks Joesoef Isak, who was putting it back together and edit it in the form today. Without the efforts of his ways, of course, manuscript-lived so the stack of paper off .-- PAT
Jakarta, 1988
****Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Hikayat Siti Mariah"
mbah sghriwo
Minke actively engaged publish Medan Priyayi (Medan Prijaji) with a special rubric legal assistance for poor people, by hiring a white lawyer is very effective in order to help the Natives class that always loses against the Netherlands because it can not be heard by the judge specifically Native Dutch residents get a first class legal guarantees. Indigenous residents only entitled to a justice of the court Indigenous lowly. A sort of legal entity Medan Priyayi newspaper have equality with one person before the law of the Netherlands Dutch East Indies.
Not enough to just work behind a desk editor, Minke occasionally drops down to knowing the direct legal issues Indigenous people who complained via letter addressed to him or to the editorial desk Medan Prijaji.
On a day finished a visit to a place Minke was dining alone at the sate shop owned Native, suddenly appeared a Dutch Indo entered the same shop and immediately sat down beside him, "You come also at last, what is the master need from me?" Minke welcome him to remember and then watched a little uneasy Indo continue it.
They shook hands first before the newcomer make itself heard.
"Mr. Minke, excuse me a moment to joke, I really have a lot of evidence that the Indo group who became the first always. You do not believe? Try to guess who the author Nyai Dasima it, sir?"
True author of a Indo.
"Another master, the founder of the Indisch Party it also hosts know. He Indisch."
Minke silent, became interested in the narrative of words this guest.
"Bang, please make my guests this dish, yes." Minke tried to remember when his guest had met previously with this, but it's stuck his head would not be invited accessary, but felt it was very convincing indeed convinced never met before.
Shop owner rushed began preparing a meal that was ordered by the customer.
"I am really asking for help Mr. Minke ..." suddenly people who did not mention and did not want his name known to give away a neat bundle and deliver into the hands of Minke.
"What is it sir ...." Minke quickly grabbed the package. A bit too heavy.
"Oh, that entrusted a person who does not want to be named. Take it, sir!"
"What do you ...?" Minke receiving food orders and promptly ate it. A serving of other dishes are now starting raided his guest.
"At first I was a sailor ship. At one time we docked in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. There happened with the help of an acquaintance I could work at the Dutch consulate."
Mr. .... resumed his statement, "Jeddah is in the Red Sea port city, once crowded like Rotterdam or Shanghai."
"Oh, that's great. The work is very good, sir." Minke smiled slightly as his guest more friendly, "Of course, the office was involved also take care of pilgrims who came from the Indies."
He nodded, guest appeared now rather to be relieved. No more restless.
"Once again I reserve contained in the mandate of the package for you." He said he continued to eat meals quickly, and without wasting any more time he immediately excuses.
After living alone in a place that Minke immediately unload the contents of the package. Inside are neatly written notes and structured very well. In the package contained a manuscript owned by a man who called himself Haji Mukti. The title of the script or story Hikayat Siti Mariah. Overview Minke truss Web pages quickly and then after reading the fine Minke in certain parts could eventually conclude that living alone who actually called himself Haji Mukti and stories that are in it recounts his own personal life experiences that poured into the script Hikayat Siti Mariah.
Overview of the contents of the Hikayat Siti Mariah tells of a boy who lost his mother and knew continuously without desperately trying to find the origin itself.
To support his efforts, he chose to become a sailor and every time the ship was able to move from one country to another country. With persistent he finally managed to gather information about his parents and eventually to find out who the real parents. The drama that took place in the Indies was shifted to other parts of the world namely in the Middle East.
Minke was in the end some day publish the manuscript as a running story in Medan Priyayi newspaper, of course, with credit the original author's name Haji Mukti.
****
Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Fugitive"
Writing for him was not just typing and move the imagination. Far more serious than that, for Pramoedya's writing has seemed to become religious. It is precisely through this Fugitive, Pramoedya has admitted for the first time in the supernatural appreciation career as an author. That's the mystical experience of the first, but then it be a single entity ingrained appreciation to the entire body and soul, with the attitude and enthusiasm on tap time he wrote his books after that follow. He lived to write, and write to live. We understood that people are aware now feel blessed divine mandate as it can not be arrested for writing -- whatever happened to him: to write the road continues, as we all need to breathe. Indonesian scientists and literary critic A. Teeuw wrote in 'Pramoedya Ananta Toer -- De Verbeelding van Indonesie', that "... for Pramoedya's writing is struggling for humanity an ability to look into the existence of life values (and this is above all a national ideology or politics!) .. . While still on the island of Buru Pramoedya, Prof. Teeuw also wrote (1979): "... in spite of anything to say about it, Pramoedya remains a writer who is only one born in a generation, even one in a century ...."
Welcoming the Independence Day August 17, 1994, Hasta Mitra republish classic works of Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a novel that has been delivered directly upright side by side with the writers of the world, not only because hunting accident story is closely related to that historic day, mainly because we feel this time we celebrate Independence Day in an atmosphere of openness is more behind, more advanced and more comfortable. Yeah, right?
Openness is not just something to do with freedom and certain concessions; more than that openness is a social condition -- a state of mind. Implement and enforce openness in society is closely linked to the birth of new social products, the birth ratio and the new paradigm, new insights into the rational and healthy, leaving all the closure and lack of maturity that is not healthy.
Hopefully the reader can share in the offering of Hasta Mitra: a pearl of the brightest, as we both celebrate our National Day of Independence.
Joesoef Isak, ed.
Jakarta, August 17, 1994***
Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Larasati
From the Publisher
Hasta Mitra will soon bring back the novels unforgettable masterpieces of all time, it works during his imprisonment on Buru results largely muzzled the New Order regime, such as: Buru tetralogy: This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps, House of Glass; Arus Balik, The Mute's Soliloquy, Mata Pusaran and Arok Dedes (in January 2000 has been circulated in advance). Three books in which women become the main character: Larasati, The Girl from the Coast, and Panggil Aku Kartini Saja; we intentionally publish Kartini day at a time to honor the fallen on this April.
Hasta Mitra's Larasati is pleased to present this mainly on Indonesia's young generation who in years to late 20th century appears to contribute very meaningful to a socio-political change in our country. Their role has been continued until the seconds we enter the new millennium. What is told in the appearance of Larasati is also the younger generation, the generation of 1945 which proclaimed independence and maintain homeland. Throughout the history of national revival and independence movement, was in the hands of the younger generation is the fate of the country and our people. Pramoedya was never tired of emphasizing the historical task which carried the young generation. But the surge in the history reveals that served the nation, Pramoedya always be critical and balanced -- far from being fixated on the myth of history. It is therefore not surprising to hear of Pramoedya's attitude and critical appraisal of the revolution -- positive and negative -- including the role of youth in the stage history of contemporaries, both in works of fiction and non-fiction.
After three books, Larasati, The Girl from the Coast, and Panggil Aku Kartini Saja, Hasta Mitra in the second wave will soon bring back the works of Pramoedya not stop requested by the readers, the "Buru tetralogy" This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps, and House of Glass, even at that The Mute's Soliloquy I & II. In the third wave we expect to bring back the Arus Balik and other Pramoedya's works that have never been recorded before but never published in a newspaper or magazine.
Naturally, readers ask whether the ban on books that the titles we referred to above has been revoked by the government of Gus Dur? The answer is clear: Not yet! For the sake of Indonesia, especially for the good of the Government itself -- especially for democracy! --, We can only expect the prohibitions absurd it immediately revoked, but we ourselves will not wait for bureaucracy settle legal affairs like that.
As is known, almost all of Pramoedya's books, especially those he wrote on Buru, we published during the Suharto generals were victorious and plenipotentiary. So the political task and it is our duty as citizens. We did not wait for the ruler of kindness, no illusion of freedom to write and express opinions will be presented by the militarist regime told to Pramoedya, the Hasta Mitra, and to the People. Risk to behave like that are tough -- we were endlessly beaten, almost all of Pramoedya's books are forbidden. Books are not banned -- such as Arus Balik example -- could be circulated not by allowed, but have not had time to make a decision the attorney general ban.
In a tour to the United States, Canada and European countries last year, I always explain that the determination to continue and always rises again -- and rises again -- despite vigorous crackdown lasted incessantly, is a form of donation authors and publishers to participate enforce democracy and human rights. The highest values of human dignity is -- in a country dominated militarist regime -- is something that should be taken and enforced its own. In that connection the authors and publishers express appreciation and gratitude profusely to all those who have helped us in difficult times it is -- are especially interested in what we call here the students, NGO workers, the ex-political prisoners, and shop- a small bookstore with all the risks have helped to disseminate Pramoedya's books are forbidden. Without an attitude that persists to keep rising, the world will not be the opportunity of reading the works of Pramoedya, even worse our own younger generation will not have access to a national asset that is priceless.
Hasta Mitra, Pramoedya, experience and power of militarism in the period of the New Order will be forever recorded as part of Indonesia's political history, history of democracy and the history of the publishing world Indonesia -- pride and shame as well as also reflected in this revolution novel Larasati.
Hasta Mitra will seek optimal to continue to move forward. Sympathy and support of our readers still expect to realize the ideals of the New Order was still in power since we already square off, namely: publishing complete all works Pramoedya Ananta Toer selection, ranging from the most recent, are muzzled, until the early works Pramoedya start as an author. This means working to capture a national asset of literature, culture and the highest values of human dignity which is owned and presented by an author, poet and citizen of Indonesia.
In conclusion, the author and publisher would like to thank in particular to two people, Alfred D. Ticoalu, Indonesian students in Buffalo, United States and Ben Abel who handle project documentation "Lentera/Bintang Timur" at Cornell University, Ithaca. Their efforts have enabled Larasati eventually also can be read by us all.
Joesoef Isak, ed.
****
Larasati -- a romance revolution armed struggle during 1945-50. The story of Indonesian youths who are willing to devote one's life for the sake of the proclamation of independence, stories about real heroes and the hero hypocritical, fighting in the republic and the occupation of the Netherlands -- between the faithful and the crossing, between money ORI and money Nica, with focus on women as the main character -- a famous film star in his own way to give myself and everything for the victory of the revolution. Portrait of reviving the revolution during which a piece of history in the early years of independence proclamation, an honest portrait style of the greatness and smallness Pramoedya, strengths and weaknesses of the revolution. A fiction that immerses us as if reliving a documentation of non-fiction romance Indonesia during the battle raging in the ("jaman siap!") .... "era ready!"
****
Pramoedya Ananta Toer
This Earth of Mankind - Child of All Nations - Footsteps - House of Glass
Liberation Edition
As we've stated on other occasions, we will not be long-winded and a waste of time discussing slapstick arbitrariness of political power regimes (the New Order and Golkar) that suppress Pramoedya's books. Why? No other charges of Pramoedya is astute through his works to propagate Marxism-Leninism, in the countries most anti-communist who had become the laughingstock of the most ludicrous.
In accordance with the plan of Authors and Publishers Hasta Mitra, hereby announced that the four-volume novel is a well known abroad as The Buru Quartet -- This Earth of Mankind, Child of All Nations, Footsteps, House of Glass -- and other books that never shut down by the regime Golkar new order, all will republished as Liberation Edition; and all other Pramoedya's works -- including works of classic authors the 50s and 60s -- also will gradually re-printed in the framework of the plan Hasta Mitra published a comprehensive re Works Options Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
That the ban on Pramoedya's books to this day has not been revoked by the Government, not the affairs of Authors and Publishers. As citizens, we will keep working and will continue to rise as usual - because that's how we respect and take active steps to uphold human rights as it has always been our stance during Suharto's generals with the engine power -- Golkar politicians and the generals -- are still free to practice in power their arbitrariness. Stay rise despite crackdown lasted incessantly, is our contribution to joint the warriors of democracy and uphold human rights and other justice take our own freedom
Our gratitude goes to all those who have helped us -- especially the attitude to stay with us, and with all the risks involved actively distribute our books -- even in times of fascist tyranny golkar and new order of power is rampant without any process of suppressing books our book. Our thanks to those who knowingly distribute and keep reading the works of Pramoedya has been prohibited - is also now-right now - at the time while the big book stores are still hesitant to distribute the books just because the ban on Pramoedya's books were not officially revoked by the Government.
Salute to the attitude that not only willing to wait just delicious without going to interfere with even the slightest risk.
Joesoef Isak, ed.
***
Pramoedya Ananta Toer "In De Fuik"
Since Hasta Mitra launched a reissue of the classic works of Pramoedya Ananta Toer on August 17, 1994, started a row with the Fugitive, Tales from Blora, then Guerrilla Family, we constantly receive suggestions from readers published again for a particular title essay Pramoedya Ananta Toer is apparently far in the past ever read. Of course the proposer promote choice of different titles. The books had indeed been circulating during the revolution or at the corresponding period of the year five-tens. All the books can now be categorized as classic works of Pramoedya Ananta Toer.
We call the classical works as the creative works of Pramoedya tested across the borders of time, the borders of age, ideological borders, across continents. Pram's books read by English-speaking population, speaking Japanese, Swedish, German, Italian, Dutch, Russian, Vietnamese, French, all of which twenty foreign languages. No can not, this is clearly not only due to the values of purely literary, but first of all because of Pramoedya's works have a universal value-appealed directly appealed to the conscience of human dignity and justice of humanity of every person who reads it.
It is interesting to note anyone who covet layer proposer books of Pramoedya's outstanding back. On average, they are not young anymore, in terms of age most of them belong to the armed '45, at least fans of Pram was already about half a century old. But one can be caught the same tone: as a youth in junior high school or junior high school they apparently never read Pramoedya's books -- the stories that once again an unforgettable read forever. Now as the people who had lived with various higher positions in society -- officials, doctors, lawyers, businessmen, professors, journalists, scientists, retired minister of the mother of ordinary household -- they yearn to read back old works Pramoedya. In particular, we allow here mention only one name of the proponent who is remembered in the hearts: Mahbub Djunaedi colleagues. Bung Mahbub argued that almost the same as others: they expect the kids or the generation below them also enjoy and appreciate the values that never arouse feelings during their young. Therefore, they naturally include people who deplore when Pramoedya's books can not be read freely.
The most encouraging is that even if the proposer generally come from the elders, but the segment of Pramoedya's books readers are predominantly young children. These young people actually become readers with great enthusiasm, even become an active acceleration agent volunteered to help distribute the books Pramoedya. Why is that? This reality is a socio-psychological phenomena of interest to be given attention. Does social phenomena such as these must be inhibited, blocked or banned? Or do we need a more mature attitude wise to anticipate?
As long as circumstances permit, we feel obliged to continue to manage and preserve valuable national asset of this. Has recently been launched back Na Brehu Reky Bekasi, after the trio Fugitive, Tales from Blora and Guerrilla Family.
This time we dedicate In De Fuik with a foreword by Taslim Ali, who though written nearly a half century ago, still remains valid and the actual observation and assessment of the community and its people in every respect, to this day. In De Fuik that in this edition longer published in two volumes, the new edition of Hasta Mitra is combined into one volume.
Other works will still be followed.
Joesoef Isak, ed.
***
Corruption is a disease of the same society with other community disease that is prostitution. Both continue to exist from time to time and can not be eliminated as long as there is human society that continues to grow and experience the most rapid progress in this twenty-first century.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer "Corruption"
mbah sghriwo
Corruption is a disease of the same society with other community disease that is prostitution. Both continue to exist from time to time and can not be eliminated as long as there is human society that continues to grow and experience the most rapid progress in this twenty-first century.
A tobacco company's biggest corruption on tobacco companies that sold by a production manager who has high income. Similarly, in a country where corruption is most prone to occur at the taxes agency. Port tax, airport tax, and cigarette tax and also in the services sector, motor vehicle tax services, court services or mob justice, including in the police agency that authorities arrested ranging from cockfight gamblers, gambling toggle, until the chicken thief and the other thief even greater.
In Chinese people's republic whose culture is very old crime that the punishment imposed on criminals are also very heavy: the penalty by firing squad. Meanwhile in this archipelago country of a similar drug shabu factory owners at most a few decades his penalty. Similarly, for the corrupt "big fish" who could guess the punishment is not as heavy as the largest communist country in the world. Why is the Chinese people decided to give it heavy penalties for criminals? Is it such a severe situation there?
The doctrine of the Chinese Communist Party and flexible to keep pace with advances in technology also advances the public is certainly willing to enforce party discipline one of the important pillars of the moral problems Party members. Corruption is associated with about morality, faith, and ethics. Corruption is not necessary to take action with penalties enforced by hardware for the communities who have high moral consciousness. And vice versa penalty action against corruption need to be straightforwardly for the country which is still low awareness of its moral by giving rewards to punishments as severe as corruptor small, medium, and large.
At the time of Sukarno's Old Order practiced self-sufficient economy among others refuse entry of foreign capital to control vital resources such as gold mining, oil, and others. In this "Corruption" Pramoedya offensive role of women in acts of corruption in public office of a husband of the woman as a legal wife or mistress or just flings his fellow bachelors. Especially with a very high position who has the power to control such agency export import license.
Bung Karno himself a president who never wanted to collect his personal belongings to himself. He does not have a bank account, and also did not have any assets and property. Wealth available to it the form of cash is what is in his pocket. Bung Karno did have a hobby of collecting expensive painting, but his collection was not private property but a Bung Karno gallery of paintings owned by the state.
Unlike his successors namely Mr. Gen. Suharto, who opened the taps of foreign capital as big as this country has transformed into glittering but on the other side has a foreign debt that can not be settled by seven generations of the people of the archipelago.
****